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Sardinian (''sardu'', ''limba sarda'', ''lingua sarda'') is a Romance language primarily spoken on three-quarters of the island of Sardinia (Italy). A number of scholars consider it the most conservative Romance language,〔Contini & Tuttle, 1982: 171; Blasco Ferrer, 1989: 14〕 and its substratum (Paleo-Sardinian or Nuragic) has also been researched. A 1949 study by Italian-American linguist Mario Pei, analyzing the degree of difference from a language's parent (Latin, in the case of Romance languages) by comparing phonology, inflection, syntax, vocabulary, and intonation, indicated the following percentages (the higher the percentage, the greater the distance from Latin): Sardinian 8%, Italian 12%, Spanish 20%, Romanian 23.5%, Occitan 25%, Portuguese 31%, and French 44%. Several standards, most recently the ''Limba Sarda Comuna'' (Common Sardinian Language),〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Sardegna Cultura - Lingua sarda - Limba sarda comuna )〕 have been created in an attempt to unify the two main varieties of the language, Campidanese and Logudorese, which have their own literature and sociolinguistic ancient tradition.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Sardegna Cultura - Lingua sarda - Il sardo )〕〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Sardegna Cultura - Lingua sarda - Letteratura )〕 Since 1997, all the languages spoken by the island's people (including Sardinian) have been recognized by regional and national laws. Since 1999, Sardinian is also one of the twelve "historical language minorities" of Italy and protected as such by the Law 482.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Legge 482 )〕 ==History== Sardinia's relative isolation from mainland Europe encouraged the development of a Romance language preserving traces of its indigenous, pre-Roman language. The language is posited to have substratal influences from Nuragic, Basque,〔Eduardo Blasco Ferrer, ed. 2010. ''Paleosardo: Le radici linguistiche della Sardegna neolitica'' (Paleosardo: The Linguistic Roots of Neolithic Sardinian). De Gruyter Mouton〕 and Etruscan.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Massimo Pittau - La lingua dei Sardi Nuragici e degli Etruschi )〕 Adstratal influences include Catalan, Spanish and Italian. The situation of Sardinian language with regard to the politically dominant ones would not change until the 1950s.〔(Rebecca Posner, John N. Green (Editors), ''Trends in Romance Linguistics and Philology: Bilingualism and Linguistic Conflict in Romance'', pp.271-294 )〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「sardinian language」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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